Lengths of divisible codes with restricted column multiplicities

We determine the minimum possible column multiplicity of even, doubly-, and triply-even codes given their length. This refines a classification result for the possible lengths of $q^r$-divisible codes over $\mathbb{F}_q$. We also give a few computational results for field sizes $q>2$. Non-existence results of divisible codes with restricted column multiplicities for a given length have applications e.g. in Galois geometry and can be used for upper bounds on the maximum cardinality of subspace codes.Comment: 26 pages, 7 table

Environment-Responsive Materials as Dynamic Markers for Architectural Augmented Reality Applications

With growing knowledge of our environmental obligations, architects must explore new design techniques and find alternative strategies to express environmental aspects in architecture. Augmented Reality (AR) is a digital technology that allows us to enhance a real data feed with digital data virtually and is becoming ever more ubiquitous. It is widely used in industrial environments and is still novel in architecture, and has only recently gained popularity. The use of marker-based AR in dynamic, non-standardised architectural spaces is limited. Nevertheless, the technology can potentially help visualise thermal conditions invisible to the human eye. The paper presents a detailed state-of-theart review of AR and thermochromic materials in architecture. From this, it derives a series of relationships between the two technologies. They are explored through design experiments and prototyping. The research reconsiders digital design parameters in this context, yet, the scalability of results remains a future task

Squares with three digits

We consider integers whose squares have just three decimal digits. Examples are e.g. given by $2108436491907081488939581538^2 = 4445504440405440505004450045555054500055550554550445444$ and $10100000000010401000000000101^2 = 102010000000210100200000110221001000002101002000000010201$. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge on squares with three digits, scattered around webpages and newsgroup postings, and to add a few new insights. While we will mostly focus on the base $B=10$, several results are presented for general values of $B$. The used mathematical tools are completely elementary. However, we give complete proofs of all statements or explicitly state them as conjectures.Comment: 42 pages, 6 tables; typos correcte

Postdigital Natures: Digital-material hybrids for robotic 3D printing of architectural elements

Since what is often referred to as the 'digital revolution' in architecture, novel materials and digital tools have significantly altered architectural ecologies. The paper compares two case study projects as part of ongoing research. Examining overlaps between the natural, the virtual, and the built environments, it explores a variety of overlaps, continuities, and interfaces. Each project operates on the threshold of what is conventionally considered the 'natural' and the 'artificial' in material, shape, and experience contexts. Informed by theory, the projects establish nuanced interfaces between the digital and the material. Both projects were fabricated using robotic 3D printing with a variety of materials. The paper describes and compares them concerning sustainability and provides an overview of the different spatial concepts of the two projects

Front in the mouth, front in the word: The driving mechanisms of the in-out effect

Words for which the consonantal articulation spots wander from the front to the back of the mouth (inward) elicit more positive attitudes than words with the reversed order (outward). The present article questions the common theoretical explanation of this effect, namely an association between articulation movements and oral movements during ingestion and expectoration (inward resembles eating which is positive; outward resembles spitting which is negative). In 4 experiments (total N = 468), we consistently replicated the basic in-out effect; but no evidence was found supporting an eating-related underlying mechanism. The in-out effect was not modulated by disgust inductions (Experiments 1, 2, 4, and 10) or food deprivation (Experiment 3). In 6 further experiments (total N = 1,067), we explored a novel alternative explanation, namely that the in-out effect is simply a position-specific preference for front consonants over back consonants. In these experiments, we found in-out-like preference effects for fragments that lacked an actual front-to-back movement but featured only starting (e.g., B _ _ _ _) or ending (e.g., _ _ _ K) consonants (Experiments 6-8). Consonants that are articulated in the front of the mouth were generally preferred over those articulated in the back of the mouth, and this basic preference was stronger at the beginning of a word-like stimulus (Experiments 6-10), thus explaining the preference pattern of the in-out effect. The present evidence speaks against an eating-related (embodied) explanation and suggests a simple word-morphologic explanation of the in-out effect

The role of deadenylation in the degradation of unstable mRNAs in trypanosomes

Removal of the poly(A) tail is the first step in the degradation of many eukaryotic mRNAs. In metazoans and yeast, the Ccr4/Caf1/Not complex has the predominant deadenylase activity, while the Pan2/Pan3 complex may trim poly(A) tails to the correct size, or initiate deadenylation. In trypanosomes, turnover of several constitutively-expressed or long-lived mRNAs is not affected by depletion of the 5′–3′ exoribonuclease XRNA, but is almost completely inhibited by depletion of the deadenylase CAF1. In contrast, two highly unstable mRNAs, encoding EP procyclin and a phosphoglycerate kinase, PGKB, accumulate when XRNA levels are reduced. We here show that degradation of EP mRNA was partially inhibited after CAF1 depletion. RNAi-targeting trypanosome PAN2 had a mild effect on global deadenylation, and on degradation of a few mRNAs including EP. By amplifying and sequencing degradation intermediates, we demonstrated that a reduction in XRNA had no effect on degradation of a stable mRNA encoding a ribosomal protein, but caused accumulation of EP mRNA fragments that had lost substantial portions of the 5′ and 3′ ends. The results support a model in which trypanosome mRNAs can be degraded by at least two different, partially independent, cytoplasmic degradation pathways attacking both ends of the mRNA